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Text File | 1991-10-19 | 43KB | 865 lines

COMMANDS The commands available in AnalytiCalc are each described separa- tely. The following is a brief listing alphabetically of their names. Some infrequently used commands are omitted. +J filename Start journaling to filename +N Close journal file < Rewind input file %prompt%cmd%key% Issue prompt and do cmd depending on key $ or } Perform operating system command > or >>pattern Search for formula containing or starting with pattern * Comment line -prompt Load arguments after prompt // Use "Command-Mostly" mode /; Use "Enter-Mostly" mode /# Swap current mode with save mode (command-mostly or enter-mostly) 1,2,3, or 4 Move cursor Up, Down, Left, or Right @file.typ Read file.typ as input instead of console AA nn {R/C} Add absolute nn rows or columns AR nn {R/C} Add relocating nn rows or columns (nn may be neg) CA in-range out-range Copy All (Absolute) CV in-range out-range Copy Value CF in-range out-range Copy Formula (and Format) CR in-range out-range Copy Relocating (all) DB ncol,nrow Display Bounds (no. cols,rows on screen) DF range [format] Display Format of range to format DL range {R/C}n:m Display Locate range as Row/Col to dis- play col:row n:m DS{R/C}{A/D} n Display Sort row/col, Asc/Desc row/col n DT range {F/I} Display Type range as Float or Integer DW ncol,wid Display Width of col "ncol" to "wid" chars E expression Enter expression into cell E" expression Enter expression as text, no case translation ED 'oldstring'newstring' EDit cell ET expression Enter expression as UPPER CASE text EV expression Enter expression as computable formula F filename/nskip File read from filename onto display G Get saved sheet. Many variants. Hn HELP and show page n IR inrange outrange In Place Relocate inrange as if moved to outrange K Go into interactive calculator (need *V 3). *E goes back. L cell Go to cell M{0/1/2/3/4/5} Move - set move direction after enter MS or MH Macrocell Show or Hide - show or hide in- cluded files. OA cell Origin Absolute cell - Map Screen with cell in upper left OAD cell Origin Absolute Displace cell - Map Screen with cell in upper left leaving old windowing alone OR cell Origin Relative cell - map screen down/right of cursor with cursor=cell ORD cell Origin Relative Displace cell - map screen down/right of cursor with cursor=cell leaving old windows OV + OVerride absolute refs, make relative OV - OVerride off - let abs refs be absolute P Put (save) spreadsheet. Many variations. PL v1:v2[,v3:v4][;plot command] Save plot number file and invoke plot command. commands are designed to allow use by GnuPlot or similar. R Recalculate sheet RB cell Set Relocate Boundary at cell RF Recalculate, Force recalc of constants RM Recalculate Manual - no recalc until R cmd S Setup - Global mapping/width/title setups TE expression TEst - Evaluate math expression in cmd mode - many special variants. V View - Redraw screen VF View Formulas - Draw with Formulas in- stead of numbers VM View Manual - no screen repaint until a V cmd VH+, VH- View Hack on/off. Controls display of row being calculated during recalcs. W Write display to file or printer. X eXit from AnalytiCalc. Asks for confir- mation. ZE range ZEro range of cells ZA Zero All of sheet. Asks for confirma- The available multiple argument functions are: SUM[variables] Sum of all arguments MAX[variables] Max of arguments MIN[variables] Min of arguments AVG[variables] Average of arguments AVE[variables] Average of arguments ignoring cells containing 0.0 (e.g., labels) STD[variables] Standard deviation squared IF [V1.rel.V2] statement | else-statement AND[variables] Boolean AND of all variables in list IOR[variables] Boolean inclusive OR of variables NOT[variable] Boolean complement of variable XOR[v1,v2] Boolean exclusive OR of v1,v2 EQV[V1,V2] Boolean "equivalence" of V1,V2 (complement of exclusive OR, true if bits have the SAME value) CNT[variables] Number of nonzero variables in list MOD[V1,V2] Returns V1 modulo V2 (i.e., remainder of V1/V2 division.) SGN[v1] Returns 1.0 times sign of V1 LKP[var,variables] Lookup variable in "variables" range greater or equal to var, return its index (starting with 0) into variables range. LKN[var,variables] Lookup variable in "variables" range less than or equal to var, return its index (starting with 0) into variables range. LKE[var,variables] Lookup variable in "variables" range strictly equal to var, return its index (starting with 0) into range. Note all LKP, LKN, LKE return the last variable index if no satisfactory value found. NPV[disc,vars] Net Present Value of vars (equal time values assumed; computes discount disc where disc is a fraction (e.g., .12 for 12%). Be sure the arguments are all cells, not literals, including the disc argument. Set a cell to the fraction desired for the disc argument and use its name in the arguments to NPV, rather than attempting to use a literal (e.g., 0.12) directly. IRR[PV,FV,returns] Internal Rate of Return. Will compute internal rate of return on up to 20 periods, returning rate per period. The returns are expected to be at equal time intervals. PV and FV are initial and final values of investment and the result is computed via Newton approximation. As with all functions here, be sure all arguments are cell names, not literal numbers. PMT[princ,inter,nper] Payment function. Generates payment given principal amount, interest per period (as a fraction), and number of periods. PVL[pmt,inter,nper] Present Value function. Generates present value of a loan given payment amount, interest rate, and number of periods. All financial functions assume that payments are for equal time intervals. RND[V1] Random number. Generates a random number distributed uniformly in the interval 0.0 to 1.0. An argument is required but never touched. CHS[Idx,Range] Choose cell from range based on value of cell Idx. If cell IDX contains 1, first element of range is chosen; if 2, second, etc. Zero is returned if out of range. Range can be any comma-delimited list of ranges also. ATM[A1,A2] Arc Tangent of A1/A2, but four quadrant version. Note these are single cells. In all cases except IF, arguments are variable names separated by commas, or variable ranges, or mixtures separated by columns. Note too that ALL THESE FUNCTIONS REQUIRE CELLS OR ACCUMULATORS AS ARGUMENTS; literals and single argument functions may NOT be used here. (That is why it is easy to place multiple commands on a line; the ACs or cells may be loaded in "separate" steps.) The IF [] state- ment is a partial exception since a range may be used to replace ei- ther variable inside the [] condition brackets. The sum of the ranges will be used in that case. A possible IF statement might look like IF [S2.LT.S5] R=2. | R=0. Summary of Variable Addressing Variable names may be of several forms; examples will be given first to illustrate. D5 - Cell is in column D, 5th row down. (Col. 4, Row 5) D$5 - Cell is column D, 5th row down, but in relocating copies the column (D) is not altered (unless the global override is set). D5$ - As above but the row is not alterable. D$5$ - As above but neither row nor column may be altered...an "absolute" reference. P#4#7 - Cell addressed is 4 columns to the right of and 7 rows down from the current cell. (P#0#0 is the current cell). These are computed on the base spreadsheet. This form of addressing is not subject to relocation, ever. D#4#7 - Cell addressed is the cell DISPLAYED 4 columns to the right of the current one and 7 rows down. Since the display map can be anything, this means the actual cell referenced can be anything, depending on the current display. This form of addressing is not subject to relocation, ever. P#%AB - Supposing accumulator A contains 4 and accumulator B contains 7, the cell referenced is 4 columns right of the current one and 7 rows down on the physical sheet. D#%AB - Supposing accumulator A contains 4 and accumulator B contains 7, the cell referenced is 4 columns right of the current one and 7 rows down on the display. P#_AB - If accumulator A contains 4 and accumulator B contains 2, the cell addressed is D2 (4th column over, 2nd row). P#$D3:C2: - if cell D3 contains 4.0 and cell C2 contains 2.0, the cell addressed is D2 again. Variable Names A valid variable name might be H14 or N22 or A3, or the position independent forms P#n#m and D#n#m where n and m are offsets in Physi- cal or Display sheets from the current column and row. A valid range is 2 variable names separated by colon (:). Thus the range B2:B12 is valid and means B2 through B12 inclusive. The range expression D#0#1:D#0#12 is also valid and means the cells on the display sheet in the same column but 1 to 12 rows down from the current cell in- clusive. (The displacements may be negative too, with - sign to in- dicate it, as D#-3#2 for the display cell 3 columns left and 2 rows down from the current position.) The P# and D# forms are valuable since they work wherever you move them. Other variables may be relo- cated when moved (renaming them to correspond to their new loca- tions), but the P# and D# forms need never change and allow working with projections across the physical sheet in various ways. There are a few restrictions with these forms. They usually need to be en- closed in parentheses (e.g. (P#3#5) rather than P#3#5) inside ex- pressions. For most purposes they do work interchangeably with other name schemes however, though the "normal" naming scheme is generally easier to use. Copying with relocation works with normal cell names, provided that the cursor is above and left of cells to be renamed (see below). The keypad copy command normally moves to A1 during a copy for this reason. The D# forms do not always work in the ex- tended address areas of the sheet, depending on recalculation mode. The special construction P#%ab or D#%ab allows relative address- ing relative to current physical or display location using accumula- tors named a or b (where a or b may be any accumulator name from A through Z but upper case is REQUIRED). This computable relative ad- dressing affords greater flexibility in command procedure construc- tion. In Amiga AnalytiCalc, the cell address form P#_cr is available. This address provides absolute cell addresses using the numbers in the two accumulators c and r for the column and row of the cell to be accessed. Since accumulators run out somewhat quickly in AnalytiCalc, an alternate addressing form is also provided. If cell Cn holds a column number and cell Rn holds a row number, the cell name P#$Cn:Rn: will address the cell whose column is in Cn and whose row is in Rn. Such addressing may be indirect to one level only; that is, the Cn and Rn may be any legal address form for a cell EXCEPT the P#$cell1:cell2: form. These address forms permit a degree of data driven computation unavailable in other spreadsheet type programs. If a formula contains the construction {VN (where VN is any cell name), the FORMULA for cell VN is inserted into the formula being evaluated at that point, when the cell value is to be computed. Function Arguments Note that the square brackets ([]) are needed to delimit arguments in multiple argument functions. The results are left in accumulator % and in the cell. The IF form will compare 2 variables and execute either the statement or the else-statement (which must NOT be another IF). The valid relations are: .EQ. Equal .NE. Not Equal .GT. Greater than (V1 greater than V2) .LT. Less than (V1 less than V2) .GE. Greater than or Equal to (V1 >= V2) .LE. Less than or Equal to (V1 =< V2) and must appear in this form. (Note that your formulas must generally be in upper case only; text can be anything.) Accumulators (Scratch Storage) The single letter accumulators of Calc mode (letters A through Z and %) are available globally and may take on all Calc mode data types. Formulas entered may have the following constructs which will be edited into the formula as entered (so a command file can enter them): _@V1,V2 Means get the values stored in V1 and V2 and use them as column and row locations pointing at some cell in the sheet. Replace the construct with the name of that cell. _#V1 Means take the real number in cell V1 and unpack it as if it had been a packed value from a formula with 8 characters packed; then convert it back into ASCII and place in the formula in place of this construct. This construct is intended to be used with the *U STRVL function to allow retrieval and edit of formulas. The *U XQTCM function permits use of the EDit command (as well as others) within a cell for string manipulation. Only 8 characters at a time may be represented (the limit imposed by cell size), but repeated use allows handling any desired length. An application would be setting the cell used as V1 to a packed representation of either of two strings inside an IF [] and then EDit- ing the string into the formula as desired where one of the 2 strings should be made to appear. This capabil- ity is crude but provides the bare bones functionality. Additional USRFCT calls to give simpler (but more ver- bose) string manipulations are not too hard to add should the user need them. Formula Length Formulas have 109 characters allotted to them for use inside the spread sheet. The *@file command may be used to extend this to any length via an external macro. The following special functions are available: FUNCT NAME ARG TYPE FUNCT VALUE DESCRIPTION ------------------------------------------------------- ABS REAL REAL absolute value DABS REAL REAL absolute value IABS INTEGER INTEGER absolute value IFIX REAL INTEGER REAL to INT conv. AINT REAL REAL REAL truncation INT REAL INTEGER REAL to INT conv. IDINT REAL INTEGER REAL to INT conv. EXP REAL REAL e**X DEXP REAL REAL e**X ALOG REAL REAL natural logarithm DLOG REAL REAL natural logarithm ALOG10 REAL REAL logarithm base 10 DLOG10 REAL REAL logarithm base 10 SQRT REAL REAL square root DSQRT REAL REAL square root SIN REAL REAL trigonometric sine DSIN REAL REAL trigonometric sine COS REAL REAL trig. cosine DCOS REAL REAL trig. cosine TANH REAL REAL hyperbolic tangent DTANH REAL REAL hyperbolic tangent ATAN REAL REAL arc tangent DATAN REAL REAL arc tangent AnalytiCalc File Interface Functions Command level functions are given as FILcccccc where ccc is the actual command. Equivalent functions are available from cells using the syntactic form *U DBcccccc arguments (where the "arguments" part is any arguments, generally some required.) Some extra optional VAX functions exist that allow regions of the sheet to come from or go to sequential or random files to or from some range of cells. The following commands exist (the "*U DB" or the "FIL" is omitted:) OPINS range filename Open input sequential on filename for cells in range When the input file is open and any operation causes a read of the cell, the FORMULA will be taken from the file and used. If the file is opened with the OPINU option (for Update), then when the FORMULA of the cell is written, it will also write to the file. The OPINU option applies only to random access files. Initially both input and output reads are disabled (ENAINP and ENAOUT enable them). When a sequential file (or device such as a mailbox, pipe, or communications line) is used for input, it is advantageous to read data into a range once, then disable input/output again, to allow it to be handled between these commands. The EDTINP and FMTOUT commands are designed to do this to make it easier to use AnalytiCalc for a filter between sequential files. OPINR range filename Open input random on filename for cells in range OPINU range filename Open range for update on filename for read and write as ran- dom access. CLSINP Close input CLSOUT Close output OPOUTS range filename Open output sequential from range cells to filename OPOUTR range filename Open output random from range on filename ENAINP Enable input file readin (initially disabled) ENAOUT Enable output write (initially disabled) DISINP Disable input area readin DISOUT Disable output write EDTINP range Enables input and output and, for each cell in the given range, reads and writes the cell, allowing the file read/writes to take effect. Each cell is flagged as valid but of text type; the DF command must be used to reset any that should be treated as computable. Input and output are disabled on completion of the command. FMTOUT range VALOUT range Enables input and output and for each cell of the range takes the VALUE of the cell, reads the cell, sets it of text type, and writes the text equivalent of its value to the cell. In the FMTOUT command the cell's display format is used for the conversion. In the VALOUT command a large builtin format is used to preserve all significant digits. Spaces are discarded prior to output. Cells are left con- taining textual data corresponding to their numeric values, stored in the formulae. The DF command may be used to reset these cells to numeric types if desired. Conversion errors are ignored. Input and output are disabled on completion of the command. CMPFRM V1:V2[,V3:V4] Compares two formulas. It returns, in the % accumulator, the index of the formula in cell V2 in the formula in cell V1. Lengths used are those of both formulas UNLESS the V3 and V4 cell arguments are seen. In that case the value of V3 will be used as the length of the formula for V1 and the value of V4 will be used as the length of cell V2. If ei- ther value in V3 or V4 is outside the range 1 to 109 both values in V3 and V4 will be ignored. Also on output the W accumulator will be set to -1. if V1 is lexically earlier than V2, 0. if they are lexically equal, and +1. if V1 is lexically later than V2. LENFRM V1:V2 returns the length of the formula for cell V1 in the % ac- cumulator and in cell V2 IF CELL V2 IS VALID. Otherwise the cell specified in V2 is ignored, though it must be present in the command or function. TRMFRM V1:V2,V3,V4 Reads the formula in V1 and uses V3 and V4 as start and end byte numbers within it. It returns to V2 the formula that is between the start and end bytes, trimming the V1 formula into V2 by chopping out the undesired parts. The find sub- string function CMPFRM can be used to find delimiter bytes if absolute columnar formatting is not desired. Associated DBxxxxxx and FILxxxxxx commands both exist and have the same syntax. AnalytiCalc Logical Names AnalytiCalc/Amiga has a symbol table and allows you to define symbolic names of up to 16 characters length, containing letters or numbers, and use them inside equations. To define a symbolic name, use the command TE {SYMBOLICNAME=Vn where Vn is a cell name (like A5, R17, AB122, or the like), and "SYM- BOLICNAME" is the name you wish to define. The name is now asso- ciated with the CONTENTS OF the cell named (as Vn). When you use the construct {SYMBOLICNAME in an equation, the contents of the cell as- sociated with that name replace the name prior to evaluation. Any contents may be used, though the total resulting string must not grow to over 109 characters. Recursive substitutions are permitted to a depth of 20, so name definitions may use other name definitions. To remove a name definition, use the command TE {SYMBOLICNAME=0 Appendix D AnalytiCalc Function Summary The available multiple argument functions are: SUM[variables] Sum of all arguments MAX[variables] Max of arguments MIN[variables] Min of arguments AVG[variables] Average of arguments AVE[variables] Average of arguments excluding zero args STD[variables] Standard deviation squared AND[variables] Boolean AND of all variables in list IOR[variables] Boolean inclusive OR of variables NOT[variable] Boolean complement of variable XOR[v1,v2] Boolean exclusive OR of v1,v2 EQV[V1,V2] Boolean "equivalence" of V1,V2 (complement of exclusive OR, true if bits have the SAME value) CNT[variables] Number of nonzero variables in list MOD[V1,V2] Returns V1 modulo V2 (i.e., remainder of V1/V2 division.) SGN[v1] Returns 1.0 times sign of V1 LKP[var,variables] Lookup variable in "variables" range greater or equal to var, return its index (starting with 0) into variables range. LKN[var,variables] Lookup variable in "variables" range less than or equal to var, return its index (starting with 0) into variables range. LKE[var,variables] Lookup variable in "variables" range strictly equal to var, return its index (starting with 0) into range. Note all LKP, LKN, LKE return the last variable index if no satisfactory value found. NPV[disc,vars] Net Present Value of vars (equal time interval numbers), at discount rate disc where disc is a fraction (e.g., .12 for 12%) IRR[PV,FV,returns] Internal Rate of Return. Will compute internal rate of return on up to 20 periods, returning rate per period. The returns are expected to be at equal time intervals. PV and FV are initial and final values of investment and the result is computed via Newton approximation. PMT[princ,inter,nper] Payment (mortgage payment per period) function. Will compute payment per period for principal amount "princ" with interest per period as "inter" and number of periods as "nper". All arguments must be cells. The formula is the standard ordinary annuity formula. Interest rate must be a fraction so that 14% would be 0.14, for example. PVL[payment,inter,nper] Present Value formula. Computes present value of an annuity given "payment", the payment per period, interest rate per period (as a fraction, so 12% is 0.12) in "inter", and number of periods as "nper". All arguments must be in cells. RND[DUM] Generates a random number between 0. and 1.0. An argument is needed but it is NOT touched by this function. .INDEX Random numbers .Index RND function IF [V1.rel.V2] statement | else-statement Compares two variables and executes either "statement" (if the relation is true) or "else-statement" (if the relation is false). Valid relations (in the place of the .rel. above) are: .EQ. Equal .NE. Not Equal .GT. Greater than (V1 greater than V2) .LT. Less than (V1 less than V2) .GE. Greater than or Equal to (V1 >= V2) .LE. Less than or Equal to (V1 =< V2) The following special constructs in a formula act as functions: _@V1,V2 Means get the values stored in V1 and V2 and use them as column and row locations pointing at some cell in the sheet. Replace the construct with the name of that cell. _#V1 Means take the real number in cell V1 and unpack it as if it had been a packed value from a formula with 8 characters packed; then convert it back into ASCII and place in the formula in place of this construct. This construct is intended to be used with the *U STRVL function to allow retrieval and edit of formulas. The *U XQTCM function permits use of the EDit command within a cell for string manipulation. The following "equation commands" also act as functions with the effects described: *@filename Where filename is the name of a file of CALC com- mands. CALC reads the file and executes the commands. *ASCII Declares a list of variables to be of type ASCII. *C COMMENT line. *N NOVIEW. *V VIEW. Controls printing options in K mode *R READ. Allows a single line to be read from the terminal. *REAL declares specified variables to be REAL*8. *DECIMAL Declares specified variables to be REAL*8. *S STOP. Same as *E. Goes back to spreadsheet. *E EXIT. Gets out of K mode, back to spreadsheet mode. *Z ZERO. Zeroes all accumulators. *G *G V1,V2 (where V1 and V2 are cell or accumulator names) will evaluate V1 and V2 as the column and row numbers, on the physical sheet, of the desired cell. The ad- dressed cell's value is retrieved and used as the resulting number. *W Takes the value at the current cell and writes it out to the formula as a numeric (floating) value. The *WF command stores the cell similarly, but uses the format of the current cell instead of the D32.25 format used for *W. *P The *P command resets the current cell coordinate from within a cell (until the next cell is evaluated only). It has several forms: *P - By itself, *P causes Calc to prompt for the new phy- sical column and row number. *P V1 - This moves the current location to the named cell where V1 is the cell name (e.g. A5, H2) *P@ V1,V2 - This uses V1 and V2 (cell names) as column and row numbers and changes the current physical cell position to that defined by the contents of cells V1 and V2. This gives complete addressing of the sheet from within any cell. *F *F Label - If the value in % is positive and nonzero this command rewinds the input file for the AnalytiCalc @ command and seeks a line beginning with the characters *CLabel (where "label" is what you put after the *F command). *J *J Label - This command behaves as the *F command but operates on the file used by the Calc *@ command rather than the AnalytiCalc one. *QF *QW The *QF (Float) or *QW (write) commands are used to examine sequential files created outside AnalytiCalc and return values or formulas. Their syntax is *QF filename ?key1? ?key2? <lm> or *QW filename ?key1? ?key2? <lm> where ?key2? is optional l and m are delimiter characters for start and end of the parts of the selected records to extract (defaults to first part of the record) filename is just the file specifier in the host OS. The *QF command gets a part of a record containing the keys specified and turns it into a number ("floats" it). The *QW command Writes that part of the record to a formula. The special characters in the <lm> part of the command are delimiters of the area to be picked out. Variant forms allow such choosing to be by column number instead of key character if needed. *U YRMOD VY,VM,VD returns the Julian date (in %) computed from the Year (in VY), the month (in VM) and the day (in VD), where VY, VM, and VD are sheet cells. These may be the result of date arithmetic. *U JDATE Var assumes the formula in cell Var (any spreadsheet cell name) contains a date string in the format YY/MM/DD. It reads this formula and converts the date to a Julian date, returning it in the % accumulator. *U JTOCH Jul,Var assumes that variable Jul (any spreadsheet cell) con- tains a Julian date and changes it into an ASCII string in the cell whose name is in the Var position here. *U DATE VY,VM,VD,Var uses VY, VM, and VD as year, month and day, and com- putes a Julian date from them. It then composes an ASCII string of form YY/MM/DD for that date and stores in the formula for Var. *U WKDYS D1,D2 computes the number of workdays between Julian dates D1 and D2 just as taking the difference of two Julian dates gives differences between calendar dates in days. *U WKDIN D1,N1 returns a Julian date that is N1 work days after the date in D1. *U IDATE() returns the current date as a Julian day. *U MTXEQ(AA:AA,XX:XX,BB:BB) solves equation AX=B where A, X, and B are matrices, and where the notation AA:AA means two cells at the upper left and lower right edges of matrix A (e.g. B2:C3 for the 2 X 2 matrix so defined), and the XX:XX and BB:BB notation means the same for the X and B ma- trices. *U MOVEV mtxa,mtxb moves values from mtxa to mtxb (useful prior to calling MTXEQ). *U MDET mtx This function computes and returns the determinant of matrix mtx. *U MPROD A,B,C This function will multiply matrix A by matrix B giving matrix C, provided that their dimensions are compati- ble. *U MADDV A,B,C This function adds matrix A to matrix B and stores in matrix C. All matrices must have the same dimensions. *U MSUBV A,B,C This function subtracts matrix B from matrix A leaving the result in matrix C. *U MMPYT A,B,C This function multiplies matrix A-transpose by matrix B and stores the result in matrix C; dimensions must be compatible. *U MMPYC A,B,K This function multiplies every element of matrix A by constant K. *U VARY X,A,W,I,P;Q;R;S;T;U;V;W (Equation Solving by Iterative Search) This function allows AnalytiCalc to automatically search for solutions to equations over up to 8 dimen- sions. The operation is that the accumulators named in the fields shown as P;Q;R;S;T;U;V;W (one to 8 may be specified, only one is required) are varied by a frac- tion W about their initial values (later scaled down by the gradient of the change in X) to attempt to get ac- cumulator or cell X to equal accumulator or cell A. This is done for I iterations, where I is another ac- cumulator. *U XQTCM command will execute the command (terminated by the end-of-line), with any command except X or K permitted, from inside a cell. This allows command files driven from cells to control moving data, etc. *U STRVL V1,start;len will return a value that is made from up to 8 characters in the FORMULA of cell V1 (where V1 is any cell name), starting at character "start" and for "len" characters. *U HERE will return the current location on the matrix and the current maximum row and column used. T,U get col, row. W,Y get max col, row used. *U FFTFW and *U FFTRV perform Fast Fourier Transforms in the forward and reverse (inverse) directions on the given range of data. *U LINEF Vy:Vy,Vx:Vx (with the Vx range optional) fits a line to the input range. Eqn: y=Ux+T. % gets err, W gets cor. coef. *XV filename V1 *XF filename V1 The *X class commands are for sheet linkages. *XF loads a Formula from another saved spreadsheet, while *XV loads a Value. The following *U DBxxxxxx functions also exist as commands of form FILxxxxxx with the same results. *U DBOPINS range filename Open input sequential on filename for cells in range When the input file is open and any operation causes a read of the cell, the FORMULA will be taken from the file and used. If the file is opened with the OPINU option (for Update), then when the FOR- MULA of the cell is written, it will also write to the file. The OPINU option applies only to random access files. Initially both input and output reads are dis- abled (ENAINP and ENAOUT enable them). When a sequen- tial file (or device such as a mailbox, pipe, or communications line) is used for input, it is advanta- geous to read data into a range once, then disable input/output again, to allow it to be handled between these commands. The EDTINP and FMTOUT commands are designed to do this to make it easier to use AnalytiCalc for a filter between sequential files. *U DBOPINR range filename Open input random on filename for cells in range *U DBOPINU range filename Open range for update on filename for read and write as random access. skip 1 *U DBCLSINP Close input lexically later than V2. *U DBLENFRM V1:V2 returns the length of the formula for cell V1 in the % accumulator and in cell V2 IF CELL V2 IS VALID. Otherwise the cell specified in V2 is ignored, though it must be present in the command or function. *U DBTRMFRM V1:V2,V3,V4 Reads the formula in V1 and uses V3 and V4 as start and end byte numbers within it. It returns to V2 the formula that is between the start and end bytes, trimming the V1 formula into V2 by chopping out the un- desired parts. The find substring function CMPFRM can be used to find delimiter bytes if absolute columnar formatting is not desired. As in all these functions, CMPFRM and LENFRM have the forms *U WKDYS V1,V2 takes Julian dates in variables V1 and V2 and computes the number of workdays between the two, not counting the initial date if it is a workday (to be similar to differences between Julian dates). *U WKDIN V1,V2 takes a Julian date in V1 and a number of days in V2 and returns the Julian date that is V2 workdays after the date in V1. It is thus a sort of inverse for the *U WKDYS function. The resulting date is guaranteed to be in the Monday to Friday range. A workday is Monday to Friday. The functions know nothing of holidays. In V18-08A, AnalytiCalc can compute line fits and Fast Fourier transforms on data. *U LINEF Y1:Y2,X1:X2 computes a line whose equation is Y=mX+B, where m is returned in the U accumulator and B is returned in the T accumulator. The % accumu- lator returns the fitting error in Y. The line is fit over the range Y1:Y2 in Y, with the X coordinates optional and if they are present, they must be in the cells in the X1:X2 range given. If the X range is omitted, 1. to the max. number of points will be used. *U FFTFW V1:V2 computes the forward (t to freq) Fourier transform of the range and *U FFTRV V1:V2 computes the reverse (freq. to t) transform. The range must be a power of two long (if less, the largest power of 2 available is used and extra points are ignored). Data is assumed to be the real coef- ficients in the first half and the imaginary ones in the second half. FFT data is returned in this layout also. Thus, the real data (which is frequently the part of interest) is returned first. The reverse FFT of the forward FFT returns the original data. The FFT is of in- terest for finding the frequency distribution of partially sinusoidal distributions.